OBD2 reference

Look up an OBD2 fault code.

What a check-engine code means, whether you can keep driving, and what usually causes it — plus how to decode any five-character DTC yourself. Works on any OBD2 vehicle, no make or model required.

Decode any code in five characters

Every OBD2 fault code — also called a Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) — is exactly five characters: one letter and four digits, like P0420. The structure is standardized, so once you can read the positions you can interpret any code, even one that isn't in the list below.

1st — System
P
P powertrain, B body, C chassis, U network/communication.
2nd — Type
0
0 = generic (same on every OBD2 vehicle). 1 = manufacturer-specific.
3rd — Subsystem
4
Which subsystem: fuel & air metering, ignition, emissions, speed/idle, and so on.
4th & 5th — Fault
20
The specific fault index within that subsystem.

So P0420 reads as Powertrain, 0 generic, emissions subsystem, fault 20 — "Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)." The code names the symptom, not always the broken part: P0420 reports low catalyst efficiency, which a cheap oxygen sensor or an exhaust leak can trigger long before the converter itself is bad.

Generic vs. manufacturer-specific. When the second character is 0 (for example most P0xxx codes, plus the standardized P2xxx and generic P34xx ranges), the code is universal — it means the same thing on every OBD2-compliant car, and that's what's listed below. When the second character is 1 (the P1xxx ranges and other manufacturer-specific codes), the meaning is defined by the automaker, so you'll need that vehicle's factory service manual to look it up accurately.

The codes below are the most common generic codes — bread-and-butter powertrain faults plus key standardized P2-series codes. Use your browser's find (Ctrl-F / ⌘-F) to jump to a code, or browse by category. Each card links to related codes you can deep-link to.

Fuel & air metering

P0100 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Malfunction

The engine computer has detected a general fault in the mass air flow (MAF) sensor circuit, which measures how much air is entering the engine. Without a trustworthy airflow reading the computer cannot meter fuel accurately.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough or stalling idle
  • Hesitation or surging under acceleration
  • Reduced fuel economy

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Dirty or contaminated MAF sensor element
  • Loose or cracked air-intake ducting (unmetered air)
  • Damaged MAF wiring or connector
  • Failed MAF sensor
Fix soon Drivable, but expect poor running and economy until fixed.
P0101 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Range/Performance Problem

The MAF sensor is responding, but its airflow reading is outside the expected range for current engine conditions — the value is implausible rather than simply missing.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle or stalling
  • Hesitation, lack of power
  • Black smoke or poor fuel economy

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Dirty MAF sensor (clean before replacing)
  • Intake (vacuum) leak after the sensor
  • Restricted or dirty air filter
  • Failed MAF sensor
Fix soon Usually safe to drive short-term; running quality suffers.
P0102 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit Low Input

The signal from the MAF sensor is lower than the computer expects — it is reading too little airflow, often because the circuit is shorted, disconnected, or the sensor is dirty.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Hard starting
  • Rough idle, hesitation
  • Reduced power

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Dirty MAF sensor element
  • Disconnected or damaged MAF connector
  • Open or shorted signal wiring
  • Failed MAF sensor
Fix soon Drivable, but the engine may run poorly; fix soon.
P0103 Mass or Volume Air Flow Circuit High Input

The MAF signal is higher than expected — the sensor is reporting more airflow than is plausible for the current engine state.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough running, hesitation
  • Reduced fuel economy
  • Possible stalling

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Dirty or failing MAF sensor
  • Wiring short to voltage
  • Faulty connector
Fix soon Drivable short-term; running quality and economy suffer.
P0106 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Range/Performance

The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor reading is out of the expected range. MAP is used to estimate engine load, so a bad value upsets fuel and timing.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, hesitation
  • Poor fuel economy
  • Hard starting

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Vacuum leak or disconnected MAP vacuum line
  • Clogged MAP sensor port
  • Faulty MAP sensor
Fix soon Usually drivable; running and economy affected until fixed.
P0113 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit High

The intake air temperature (IAT) sensor signal is too high, which corresponds to an implausibly cold (or open-circuit) reading. The computer uses intake-air temperature to fine-tune the fuel mixture.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Mild hesitation or rough running
  • Slightly reduced fuel economy
  • Often no obvious drivability symptom

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Disconnected or corroded IAT connector
  • Open circuit in the IAT wiring
  • Failed IAT sensor
Keep driving Generally safe to drive; effect on running is usually minor.
P0128 Coolant Thermostat (Coolant Temperature Below Thermostat Regulating Temperature)

The engine took too long to reach normal operating temperature, or never reached it, in the time the computer expected. The usual cause is a thermostat stuck open so the engine runs too cool.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Heater blows lukewarm; slow warm-up
  • Temperature gauge reads low
  • Slightly worse fuel economy in cold weather

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Thermostat stuck open (most common)
  • Low coolant level
  • Faulty engine coolant temperature sensor
Keep driving Safe to drive; fix to restore economy, heat, and warm-up.
P0171 System Too Lean (Bank 1)

On bank 1 the computer has had to add fuel beyond its normal range because the mixture is running lean — there is too much air, or too little fuel, relative to the ideal ratio.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough or surging idle
  • Hesitation, lack of power
  • Reduced fuel economy

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Vacuum / intake air leak (very common)
  • Dirty mass-airflow sensor
  • Weak fuel pump or clogged fuel filter
  • Dirty or failing fuel injectors
Fix soon Usually drivable; a persistent lean condition can harm the engine over time.
P0172 System Too Rich (Bank 1)

On bank 1 the mixture is running rich — too much fuel relative to air — and the computer has had to pull fuel out beyond its normal range to compensate.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Strong fuel smell, black smoke
  • Rough idle, fouled spark plugs
  • Poor fuel economy

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Leaking or stuck-open fuel injector
  • High fuel pressure (faulty regulator)
  • Dirty air filter or restricted intake
  • Faulty MAF or oxygen sensor
Fix soon Drivable, but prolonged rich running can damage the catalytic converter.
P0174 System Too Lean (Bank 2)

The same lean condition as P0171, but on bank 2 — the cylinder bank that does not contain cylinder 1. Seen on V6/V8 engines.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, hesitation
  • Lack of power
  • Reduced fuel economy

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Vacuum / intake air leak
  • Dirty mass-airflow sensor
  • Weak fuel delivery
Fix soon Drivable; a lean condition with P0171 often shares one root cause.
P0175 System Too Rich (Bank 2)

The rich-mixture condition of P0172, but on bank 2. The computer has had to remove fuel beyond its normal range on that bank.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Fuel smell, black smoke
  • Rough idle, fouled plugs
  • Poor economy

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Leaking fuel injector
  • High fuel pressure
  • Faulty oxygen sensor
Fix soon Drivable; prolonged rich running risks the catalytic converter.
P0107 Manifold Absolute Pressure/Barometric Pressure Circuit Low Input

The manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor signal is lower than expected, often an open or shorted circuit or a sensor reading no vacuum. The computer uses MAP to estimate engine load.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Hard starting, rough idle
  • Hesitation, reduced power
  • Poor fuel economy

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Disconnected or shorted MAP wiring/connector
  • Faulty MAP sensor
  • Blocked or leaking MAP vacuum reference
Fix soon Drivable, but running quality suffers; fix soon.
P0122 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit Low Input

The throttle position sensor (TPS) signal is lower than expected, telling the computer the throttle is less open than it really is. The TPS reports how far the throttle is open.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Hesitation, surging, or stalling
  • Erratic or limited acceleration
  • Possible reduced-power (limp) mode

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty throttle position sensor
  • Open or shorted TPS wiring/connector
  • Worn throttle body on older cable systems
Fix soon Drivable but acceleration may be erratic; address promptly.
P0123 Throttle/Pedal Position Sensor/Switch A Circuit High Input

The throttle position sensor signal is higher than expected, telling the computer the throttle is more open than it really is.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Surging, hesitation, or high idle
  • Erratic acceleration
  • Possible limp mode

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty throttle position sensor
  • Wiring shorted to voltage
  • Faulty connector
Fix soon Drivable but acceleration may be erratic; address promptly.
P0170 Fuel Trim Malfunction (Bank 1)

The computer's fuel-trim corrections on bank 1 have reached their limit — it can no longer keep the air-fuel mixture in range, whether too rich or too lean.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, hesitation
  • Reduced fuel economy
  • Possible black smoke or fuel smell

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Vacuum / intake leak
  • Dirty MAF sensor
  • Fuel-delivery problem (pump, filter, injector)
  • Faulty oxygen sensor
Fix soon Drivable; closely related to the lean/rich codes (P0171/P0172).

Ignition & misfire

P0300 Random/Multiple Cylinder Misfire Detected

The computer has detected misfires that are random or spread across more than one cylinder, rather than isolated to a single cylinder. A misfire is a combustion event that failed to happen properly.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, shaking
  • Hesitation or stumble on acceleration
  • Flashing check engine light during an active misfire

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Worn spark plugs or ignition coils
  • Vacuum leak (lean misfire)
  • Weak fuel delivery (pump, filter, injectors)
  • Low compression
Act now A flashing light means stop driving hard — raw fuel can destroy the catalytic converter.
P0301 Cylinder 1 Misfire Detected

A misfire has been detected specifically on cylinder 1. The last digit of a P030X code is the cylinder number, so this points you straight at one cylinder.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, vibration
  • Power loss, hesitation
  • Flashing CEL during active misfire

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty spark plug or coil on cylinder 1
  • Clogged or dead fuel injector on cylinder 1
  • Vacuum leak affecting that cylinder
  • Low compression on cylinder 1
Act now Steady light: drive gently and fix soon. Flashing: stop hard driving immediately.
P0302 Cylinder 2 Misfire Detected

A misfire has been detected on cylinder 2 specifically.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, vibration
  • Hesitation, power loss
  • Flashing CEL during active misfire

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty spark plug or coil on cylinder 2
  • Clogged or dead injector on cylinder 2
  • Vacuum leak or low compression on that cylinder
Act now Same as P0301 — a flashing light means stop driving hard.
P0303 Cylinder 3 Misfire Detected

A misfire has been detected on cylinder 3 specifically.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, vibration
  • Hesitation, power loss
  • Flashing CEL during active misfire

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty spark plug or coil on cylinder 3
  • Clogged or dead injector on cylinder 3
  • Vacuum leak or low compression on that cylinder
Act now Same as P0301 — a flashing light means stop driving hard.
P0304 Cylinder 4 Misfire Detected

A misfire has been detected on cylinder 4 specifically.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, vibration
  • Hesitation, power loss
  • Flashing CEL during active misfire

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty spark plug or coil on cylinder 4
  • Clogged or dead injector on cylinder 4
  • Vacuum leak or low compression on that cylinder
Act now Same as P0301 — a flashing light means stop driving hard.
P0305 Cylinder 5 Misfire Detected

A misfire has been detected on cylinder 5 specifically.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, vibration
  • Hesitation, power loss
  • Flashing CEL during active misfire

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty spark plug or coil on cylinder 5
  • Clogged or dead injector on cylinder 5
  • Vacuum leak or low compression on that cylinder
Act now Same as P0301 — a flashing light means stop driving hard.
P0306 Cylinder 6 Misfire Detected

A misfire has been detected on cylinder 6 specifically.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, vibration
  • Hesitation, power loss
  • Flashing CEL during active misfire

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty spark plug or coil on cylinder 6
  • Clogged or dead injector on cylinder 6
  • Vacuum leak or low compression on that cylinder
Act now Same as P0301 — a flashing light means stop driving hard.
P0316 Misfire Detected on Startup (First 1000 Revolutions)

The computer detected misfires during the first ~1000 engine revolutions after start-up. It usually appears alongside specific misfire or fuel codes that point to the underlying cause.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough running right after a cold start
  • Stumble that smooths out as the engine warms

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Worn spark plugs or coils
  • Fuel-delivery weakness at start-up
  • Vacuum leak
Fix soon Drivable; diagnose with the companion misfire/fuel codes.
P0201 Injector Circuit/Open - Cylinder 1

An electrical fault (open or short) in the fuel-injector circuit for cylinder 1. The injector may not be firing, which usually causes a misfire on that cylinder.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Misfire and rough running
  • Power loss, hesitation
  • Hard starting

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty injector or injector connector
  • Open or shorted injector wiring
  • Driver-circuit fault in the computer (less common)
Fix soon Drivable but misfiring; fix promptly to protect the converter.

Emissions (catalyst, EVAP, EGR)

P0420 Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 1)

The catalytic converter on bank 1 is not cleaning the exhaust as efficiently as the computer expects. It judges this by comparing the upstream and downstream oxygen-sensor signals. The code names the symptom, not always the broken part.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Often no drivability symptom at all
  • Possible faint sulfur (rotten-egg) smell
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty downstream oxygen sensor reporting bad data
  • Exhaust leak near the converter
  • Unburned fuel from a misfire or rich running
  • Genuinely worn-out catalytic converter
Keep driving Safe to keep driving; diagnose the cause before replacing the expensive converter.
P0430 Catalyst System Efficiency Below Threshold (Bank 2)

The same low-catalyst-efficiency condition as P0420, but on bank 2 of a V6/V8 engine.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Usually no drivability symptom
  • Possible sulfur smell
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty downstream O2 sensor
  • Exhaust leak near the converter
  • Misfire or rich running
  • Worn catalytic converter
Keep driving Safe to drive; diagnose before buying a converter.
P0401 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Insufficient Detected

The exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system is flowing less exhaust back into the intake than expected. EGR lowers combustion temperature to cut emissions; too little flow trips this code.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Pinging or knocking under load
  • Rough idle (if related valve sticking)
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Carbon-clogged EGR passages or valve
  • Stuck or faulty EGR valve
  • Faulty EGR position sensor or solenoid
Keep driving Generally safe to drive; clean or repair to pass emissions and stop knock.
P0440 Evaporative Emission Control System Malfunction

A general fault in the evaporative-emissions (EVAP) system, which captures fuel-tank vapors and routes them to the engine instead of venting them to the air.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Usually no drivability symptom
  • Possible fuel smell
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Loose, missing, or faulty gas cap (check first)
  • Cracked or disconnected EVAP hose
  • Faulty purge or vent valve
Keep driving Safe to drive; start with the gas cap before anything else.
P0442 Evaporative Emission Control System Leak Detected (Small Leak)

The EVAP system has detected a small leak — a vapor leak too small to be a gross failure but large enough to fail the self-test.

Symptoms you may notice

  • No drivability symptom
  • Occasional faint fuel smell
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Gas cap not tight or worn seal (check first)
  • Small crack in an EVAP hose
  • Leaking purge or vent valve seal
Keep driving Safe to drive; tighten or replace the gas cap first.
P0455 Evaporative Emission Control System Leak Detected (Gross Leak / No Flow)

The EVAP system has detected a large (gross) leak — a major escape path for fuel vapor, or no flow where flow is expected.

Symptoms you may notice

  • No drivability symptom
  • Noticeable fuel smell possible
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Missing, loose, or badly sealing gas cap (most common)
  • Disconnected or split EVAP hose
  • Stuck-open vent valve
Keep driving Safe to drive; a loose or missing gas cap is the usual culprit.
P0457 Evaporative Emission Control System Leak Detected (Fuel Cap Loose/Off)

The EVAP self-test attributes a leak specifically to the fuel-fill cap being loose or off — many vehicles set this exact code when the gas cap is not sealed.

Symptoms you may notice

  • No drivability symptom
  • Light may clear itself after the cap is tightened and several drives

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Gas cap not clicked tight
  • Worn or cracked gas-cap seal
  • Damaged filler-neck sealing surface
Keep driving Safe to drive; tighten the cap and the light often clears on its own.
P0441 Evaporative Emission Control System Incorrect Purge Flow

The EVAP system is not purging fuel vapor at the expected rate — either too much or too little flow through the purge valve when the engine draws stored vapor into the intake.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Usually no drivability symptom
  • Possible fuel smell
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty or stuck purge valve
  • Disconnected or blocked purge hose
  • Faulty vent valve
Keep driving Safe to drive; an EVAP repair to pass emissions.
P0446 Evaporative Emission Control System Vent Control Circuit Malfunction

A circuit fault in the EVAP vent valve, which controls how the charcoal canister breathes during the system's leak self-test.

Symptoms you may notice

  • No drivability symptom
  • Failed emissions / monitor-readiness test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty vent valve / solenoid
  • Vent-circuit wiring or connector fault
  • Debris blocking the vent valve
Keep driving Safe to drive; an EVAP system repair.
P0402 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Flow Excessive Detected

The EGR system is flowing more exhaust into the intake than expected — the opposite of P0401. Excess EGR upsets combustion, especially at idle.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, stalling
  • Hesitation at low speed
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • EGR valve stuck open
  • Faulty EGR position sensor
  • Carbon holding the valve open
Keep driving Generally drivable; rough idle/stalling raises urgency.

Oxygen (O2) sensors

P0131 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 1)

The upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 is reporting a persistently low voltage, which corresponds to a lean exhaust signal (or a circuit fault). Sensor 1 is the upstream sensor used for fuel control.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Reduced fuel economy
  • Rough running possible
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Exhaust leak upstream of the sensor
  • Genuine lean condition (vacuum leak)
  • Faulty oxygen sensor or wiring
Keep driving Usually safe to drive; fix to restore economy and emissions.
P0137 O2 Sensor Circuit Low Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 2)

The downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 (sensor 2, after the catalytic converter) is reporting a persistently low voltage. The downstream sensor is used mainly to monitor catalyst efficiency.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Often no drivability symptom
  • Possible catalyst-efficiency codes alongside
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Exhaust leak near the sensor
  • Faulty downstream oxygen sensor or wiring
Keep driving Safe to drive; commonly a sensor or exhaust-leak fix.
P0135 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1, Sensor 1)

The heating element inside the upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 has a circuit fault. The heater brings the sensor to operating temperature quickly so fuel control can begin sooner.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Slightly worse cold-start fuel economy
  • Often no obvious drivability symptom
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Failed sensor heater element (replace sensor)
  • Blown fuse or wiring fault in the heater circuit
  • Corroded connector
Keep driving Safe to drive; typically resolved by replacing the sensor.
P0133 O2 Sensor Circuit Slow Response (Bank 1, Sensor 1)

The upstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 is switching between rich and lean too slowly. A sluggish sensor degrades fuel control and emissions even though it still responds.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Reduced fuel economy
  • Failed emissions test
  • Often no obvious drivability symptom

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Aged or contaminated oxygen sensor (common with age)
  • Exhaust leak near the sensor
  • Silicone or coolant contamination of the sensor
Keep driving Safe to drive; usually resolved by replacing the upstream sensor.
P0141 O2 Sensor Heater Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1, Sensor 2)

The heater element in the downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 (after the converter) has a circuit fault, so it does not reach operating temperature on schedule.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Often no drivability symptom
  • Failed emissions / monitor-readiness test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Failed downstream sensor heater (replace sensor)
  • Blown fuse or heater-circuit wiring fault
  • Corroded connector
Keep driving Safe to drive; typically a sensor replacement.
P0138 O2 Sensor Circuit High Voltage (Bank 1, Sensor 2)

The downstream oxygen sensor on bank 1 is reporting a persistently high voltage, corresponding to a rich exhaust signal or a circuit fault at sensor 2 (after the converter).

Symptoms you may notice

  • Often no drivability symptom
  • May accompany catalyst or rich-running codes
  • Failed emissions test

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty downstream oxygen sensor
  • Wiring short to voltage
  • Genuine rich condition upstream
Keep driving Safe to drive; commonly a sensor replacement.

Temperature & sensor circuits

P0117 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Low

The engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor signal is too low, corresponding to an implausibly hot reading or a short in the circuit. The computer uses coolant temperature for fueling and fan control.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Cooling fans may run constantly
  • Hard starting or rich/lean running
  • Inaccurate temperature gauge

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Shorted ECT wiring
  • Faulty ECT sensor
  • Corroded connector
Fix soon Drivable, but watch the temperature gauge; fix to avoid running problems.
P0118 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit High

The ECT sensor signal is too high, corresponding to an implausibly cold reading or an open circuit. The computer may default to a fixed temperature value.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Hard cold starts, rich running
  • Reduced fuel economy
  • Temperature gauge reads low or erratic

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Open or disconnected ECT wiring
  • Faulty ECT sensor
  • Corroded connector
Fix soon Drivable; fix to restore correct fueling and gauge reading.
P0112 Intake Air Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Low

The intake air temperature (IAT) sensor signal is too low, corresponding to an implausibly hot reading or a short in the circuit.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Minor hesitation or rough running
  • Slightly reduced fuel economy
  • Often no obvious symptom

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Shorted IAT wiring
  • Faulty IAT sensor
  • Corroded connector
Keep driving Generally safe to drive; running effect is usually minor.
P0116 Engine Coolant Temperature Sensor 1 Circuit Range/Performance

The engine coolant temperature (ECT) sensor is reading a value that is in range electrically but implausible for the conditions — for example, not changing the way a warming engine should.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Inaccurate temperature gauge
  • Cold-start running issues
  • Slightly reduced economy

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Failing ECT sensor
  • Low coolant level
  • Thermostat issue skewing warm-up
Keep driving Usually safe to drive; verify coolant level and sensor.
P0125 Insufficient Coolant Temperature for Closed Loop Fuel Control

The engine has not reached the temperature needed to enter closed-loop fuel control (where it trusts the oxygen sensors) in the expected time — typically because it is running too cool.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Slow warm-up, weak cabin heat
  • Reduced fuel economy
  • Temperature gauge stays low

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Thermostat stuck open
  • Faulty coolant temperature sensor
  • Low coolant level
Keep driving Safe to drive; closely related to P0128.

Variable valve / camshaft timing

P0011 "A" Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance (Bank 1)

The intake camshaft timing on bank 1 is more advanced than commanded, or the variable-valve-timing (VVT) system is not responding correctly. Modern engines vary cam timing to optimize power and economy.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, stalling
  • Reduced power and fuel economy
  • Possible rattle on start-up

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Low or dirty engine oil (affects VVT actuators)
  • Stuck VVT / oil-control valve (solenoid)
  • Worn timing chain or cam phaser
Fix soon Drivable, but check oil level/condition first; persistent faults can worsen.
P0014 "B" Camshaft Position Timing Over-Advanced or System Performance (Bank 1)

The exhaust camshaft timing on bank 1 is over-advanced or not tracking the commanded position. Same VVT family as P0011 but on the "B" (exhaust) camshaft.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Rough idle, reduced power
  • Lower fuel economy
  • Start-up rattle possible

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Low or dirty engine oil
  • Stuck oil-control valve / VVT solenoid
  • Worn cam phaser or timing chain
Fix soon Drivable; start with oil level and condition.
P0335 Crankshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Malfunction

A fault in the crankshaft position sensor circuit. This sensor tells the computer engine speed and crank position, which it needs to control spark and fuel timing.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Hard starting or no-start
  • Stalling, especially when hot
  • Hesitation, rough running

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty crankshaft position sensor
  • Damaged wiring or connector
  • Damaged reluctor / tone ring
Act now Can cause stalling or a no-start; address promptly.
P0340 Camshaft Position Sensor A Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

A fault in the camshaft position sensor circuit. This sensor identifies which cylinder is on its compression stroke so the computer can time spark and injection correctly.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Hard starting or no-start
  • Stalling, misfire-like running
  • Reduced power

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty camshaft position sensor
  • Damaged wiring or connector
  • Timing-related mechanical fault
Act now Can cause stalling/no-start; address promptly.
P0325 Knock Sensor 1 Circuit Malfunction (Bank 1 or Single Sensor)

A circuit fault in knock sensor 1. The knock sensor listens for detonation (pinging) so the computer can retard timing to protect the engine. With it faulted, timing is managed conservatively.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Slight loss of power or economy
  • Possible audible knock under load
  • Often no obvious symptom

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty knock sensor
  • Wiring or connector fault
  • Corrosion at the sensor
Keep driving Usually safe to drive; fix to restore full timing/economy.

Idle & speed control

P0506 Idle Air Control System RPM Lower Than Expected

The engine is idling slower than the computer's target idle speed. On modern throttle-by-wire engines this usually reflects a restriction or load the computer cannot overcome at idle.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Low or rough idle
  • Stalling, especially with accessories on

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Carbon build-up in the throttle body
  • Dirty idle-air-control passages
  • Excess load or a vacuum issue
Fix soon Drivable; cleaning the throttle body often helps. Stalling raises urgency.
P0507 Idle Air Control System RPM Higher Than Expected

The engine is idling faster than the computer's target idle speed — it cannot pull idle down to where it wants it, usually because extra air is getting in.

Symptoms you may notice

  • High or hunting idle
  • Idle does not settle when stopping

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Vacuum (intake air) leak
  • Carbon build-up or stuck throttle body
  • Faulty PCV system
Keep driving Usually safe to drive; a vacuum leak is the most common cause.
P0500 Vehicle Speed Sensor A Malfunction

A fault in the vehicle speed sensor signal. The computer relies on vehicle speed for transmission shift logic, cruise control, and speedometer operation.

Symptoms you may notice

  • Inoperative or erratic speedometer
  • Harsh or wrong-timed shifts
  • Cruise control disabled

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Faulty vehicle speed sensor
  • Wiring or connector fault
  • Related ABS / wheel-speed sensor fault on some vehicles
Fix soon Drivable, but shifting and cruise may misbehave; fix soon.

Transmission

P0700 Transmission Control System Malfunction

This is a general request from the transmission control module telling the engine computer that the transmission has stored its own fault. P0700 itself has no specific meaning — it points you to read the transmission's accompanying code(s).

Symptoms you may notice

  • Harsh, delayed, or erratic shifting
  • Transmission may enter limp/failsafe mode
  • Check engine light on

Likely causes (cheapest first)

  • Low or degraded transmission fluid
  • Faulty transmission solenoid or sensor
  • Wiring or internal transmission fault (read the companion code)
Act now Investigate promptly; read the companion transmission code and avoid hard driving if shifting is erratic.

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